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The Civil Rights Movement primarily aimed to end racial discrimination and promote equal rights for African Americans in the United States. It emerged prominently in the mid-20th century and was marked by significant events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the March on Washington, and the Selma to Montgomery marches. Key figures like Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X played crucial roles in advocating for social changes through peaceful protests and civil disobedience.

This movement sought to dismantle systemic racism and secure legal protections against discrimination, leading to significant legislative achievements, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. These laws aimed to eliminate barriers that had long oppressed African Americans and ensured their rights to vote, access public facilities, and equal treatment under the law.

In contrast, the Suffrage Movement focused on women's right to vote, the Labor Movement was concerned with workers’ rights and labor conditions, and the Environmental Movement addresses issues related to the protection of the environment. While all these movements are important in American history, the Civil Rights Movement specifically targeted racial discrimination.