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The United States Supreme Court case that focused on executive privilege is U.S. v. Nixon. This landmark case, decided in 1974, addressed the limits of presidential power and the principle of executive privilege in the context of the Watergate scandal.

In U.S. v. Nixon, the Court ruled that while the president does have a right to protect certain communications, the need for evidence in a criminal trial is more important than the president's desire for confidentiality regarding specific conversations. This decisive ruling led to the release of audio tapes that were critical to the investigation and emphasized that no one, including the president, is above the law. The case established a significant precedent regarding the scope of executive privilege, clarifying the balance of power between the executive branch and the judiciary.

The other cases listed do not involve issues of executive privilege. Marbury v. Madison is primarily about judicial review, Dred Scott v. Sandford deals with citizenship and slavery, and Miranda v. Arizona focuses on the rights of the accused in police custody. Each of these cases played important roles in American legal history, but they do not pertain to the concept of executive privilege as U.S. v. Nixon does.