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The interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment was significantly impacted by the case of Brown v. Board of Education. This landmark Supreme Court decision, decided in 1954, addressed the constitutionality of racial segregation in public schools. The Court unanimously ruled that the segregation of children in public schools based on race was unconstitutional, as it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

This ruling effectively overturned the precedent set by Plessy v. Ferguson, which had sanctioned "separate but equal" educational facilities. Brown v. Board of Education reinforced the principle that state-sponsored segregation was inherently unequal and thus violated the fundamental rights guaranteed under the Fourteenth Amendment. The case not only marked a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement but also had a profound effect on the legal interpretation of equality and civil rights in the United States, setting the stage for future legal challenges against discrimination.

Other cases listed, while important in their own right, do not primarily focus on the Fourteenth Amendment or do not address its implications in the context of race and education, making Brown v. Board of Education the most relevant choice regarding the impact on the interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment.