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The case that reinforced the federal government's authority to operate federal institutions without state interference is McCulloch v. Maryland. This landmark decision, delivered by the Supreme Court in 1819, established important principles regarding the scope of federal power.

In this case, the state of Maryland attempted to impose a tax on the Second Bank of the United States, a federal institution. The Supreme Court ruled that Maryland's tax was unconstitutional because it interfered with the operations of a federal institution. The decision underscored the supremacy of federal law over state law, establishing the principle that while states have power within their own jurisdictions, they cannot undermine or impede the functioning of federal entities. The ruling also reinforced the concept of implied powers, affirming that the federal government has certain powers that are not explicitly spelled out in the Constitution but are essential for executing its responsibilities.

The other cases mentioned do not focus on reinforcing the federal government's authority over state interference in running federal institutions. Dred Scott v. Sandford dealt primarily with slavery and citizenship rights, Plessy v. Ferguson focused on segregation and the "separate but equal" doctrine, and Miranda v. Arizona addressed the rights of the accused in criminal procedures.